World War I Powers Essay Example For Students

World War I Powers Essay World War I PowersDuring World War I many different types of weapons were utilized by both the Allied and Central powers.Some were variations on older models of weaponry, and others were totally new inventions created to aid in the wartime effort.Most of the new weapons were used as killing machines in trench warfare, which was practiced during World War I, while others were employed as tools of espionage, scouting land areas, or air and sea warfare.Communication also played a major role in World War I, especially the newly invented short wave radio.My report will discuss several of these new types of weaponry and communication; their uses in the war and their technical make-up. We will write a custom essay on World War I Powers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Ground warfareTrenchesTrenches were long tunnel-like structures dug on the fronts during a stalemate in the war.They protected the troops inside from deadly artillery and especially machine gun fire.There were usually four sets of trenches dug on each side.An area of no-mans land separated the two sides.Crossing the no-mans land meant the risk of instant death by machine gun fire.An attack was usually staged in waves.Line after line of troops attempted to overrun the opposing trenches, only to gain a couple of miles. The firing trench was first, backed by cover trenches, which were a back-up line of defense in case the firing trenches were overrun.Following the cover trench were the support trench and the reserve trench.Off-duty troops lived in man made dugouts in the support trench.Rations, communications, extra troops, and other utilities were stored in the reserve trench.Some trenches also had a fifth trench dug out especially for the communications systems. TanksModern tanks are heavily armored track-laying military vehicles which have road speeds up to 60 mph.They weigh in between 14 and 50 metric tons and carry various types of mounted machine guns.Tanks are designed to penetrate or flank enemy lines and strike deep into the rear, capturing or eliminating vital fortifications.Although not as fast as modern tanks, and not as heavily armed, World War I saw the first mass use of tanks in open warfare. The idea of the tank was first designed by Leonardo daVinci in 1482.The French attempted to create the armored vehicles of which daVinci spoke, but it was the British who developed the first track-laying armored vehicles during World War I.On September 16, 1916, forty nine tanks were used at the battle of Somme near Courcelette, France, with negative results.A year later, in November 1917, 400 tanks penetrated the Hindenberg line near Cambrai on the Eastern Front.This attack captured 8000 enemy soldiers and 100 enemy guns.Through this battle, the role of the tank was established in modern warfare. Chemical warfareThis particularly horrific method of warfare is based on releasing toxins or incapacitating chemicals into enemy lines in order to cause mass death or at least incapacitate the enemy. During World War I there were several different types of gases used to break the deadlock of trench warfare.Tear gas, a gas causing excessive tearing when it comes into contact with the victims eyes.Chlorine gas and phosgene were two of the more common lung irritants used by the armies.Also widely used was mustard gas, which caused whoever it came into contact with to break out in severe burns.Mustard gas was often used in conjunction with the flame-thrower. By the end of World War I, most European powers had integrated gas warfare capabilities into their armies at some levels.Between the two great wars Germany developed various different nerve gases such as sarin, a paralysis inducing gas.Most western countries have taken steps to destroy their arsenals of chemical weapons. .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c , .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c .postImageUrl , .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c , .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c:hover , .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c:visited , .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c:active { border:0!important; } .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c:active , .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6887367d416225cbec98e0cbf3aa680c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Racism and evolutionary theory EssayFlame-throwerThis was a military weapon used to project flames toward the enemy.A flame-thrower consists of a fuel container filled with oil, a cylinder containing a gas propellant under a high pressure, a discharge tube with an adjustable nozzle and an ignition device.During World War I, two styles of flame-throwers were used: A heavy one mounted on a tank and a light, portable, hand carried one.The flame-thrower had great psychological impact during the war because it succeeded in inflicting fear into the enemy.However, as a weapon it was limited by its short range and unpredictable aim.The flame-throwers used in World War I consumed g reat amounts of fuel.Modern flame-throwers are carried in a pouch on the persons back and can accurately project a 60 foot flame for about nine seconds. Machine GunThe machine gun is a type of gun in which the operations of loading, extraction, and firing are performed automatically.This enables the machine gun to maintain a constant fire.Before Worl..d War I practically all machine guns used the same caliber ammunition as infantry rifles.During the war, they became divided into different types, each designed for its specific use.The lighter weight designed guns were suited to firing short, compact bursts of bullets.The heavier models were developed to be situated in one place and give off a constant barrage of fire.These came into use due to the trench warfare that took place during World War I.Machine guns were also developed for mounting in tanks and in airplanes.Later in the war special mounts were invented to allow the machine guns to be used in antiaircraft effort. Air warfareAirplanesAs the threat of Germany using zeppelins for military purposes during the war grew, many leading nations began to look critically at the potentiality of military aviation.When conflict began in 1914, both the Allies and the Germans each had about 200 aircraft on the Western Front.These were primarily used for reconnaissance or scouting out land areas, and were extremely vulnerable to antiaircraft fire due to their slow speeds.Then, in 1915, Dutch designer Anthony Fokker developed an interpreter gear which allowed a machine gun mounted on a plane to fire through the propellers without damaging the blades.This modification led to the development of speedier planes and thus the age of fighter aircraft was born. Early in the war, bombs were dropped over the side of the plane by hand.Later, however, heavier aircraft and standardized bomb fittings enabled the bombs to be dropped with greater accuracy on military and civilian targets.By the end of World War I, over 250 metric tons of bombs had been released in raids over England, causing 9000 civilian casualties.Even though this number is nowhere near the estimates from World War II, the droppings were psychologically and strategically important.It proved that aircraft were not only capable of providing protection to the troops on the ground at the front lines, but also could be used to deploy offensive maneuvers.The use of airplanes in World War I peaked in 1918 in the battles of Chteau-Thierry and Saint Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne in France ZeppelinsThe first zeppelin airship was designed by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin in 1900.It consisted of a row of 17 gas cells individually covered in cloth.The body was confined in a cylindrical framework co vered with smooth surfaced cotton cloth.It was about 420 feet in length and approximately 38 feet in diameter.The ship was steered by forward and aft rudders and was powered by two 15 hp Daimler internal combustion engines, each rotating two propellers.Passengers and crew, as well as the engines were carried in two aluminum gondolas pendant from the forward part of the ship. At the beginning of World War I, ten zeppelins were used actively in the German army, and many more were constructed over the next four years.By 1918, Germany had over 65 zeppelins in its airforce.The main use of the airships was deploying bombs and scouting enemy territory.Most were painted black so they became difficult to see during the night.However, soon after the war, most high ranking officials realized that the huge zeppelins and other massive airships were too vulnerable to airplane attack, causing a major decrease in the amount of airships in the armies. .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44 , .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44 .postImageUrl , .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44 , .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44:hover , .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44:visited , .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44:active { border:0!important; } .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44:active , .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44 .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b9ac4048c2a9b145bd59d2dc3e01b44:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Computer Systems Analyst EssaySea warfareU-boatIn 1906, the Germans built upon the basic blueprint of the submarine, designed by famous American inventor, Robert Fulton.The first changes they made were adding a diesel powered engine and a periscope.Later, after the development of self propelled torpedoes, the Germans redesigned the structure slightly to accommodate for the new torpedoes.Thus, the U-boat was born. The German used the U-boats to sink merchant vessels coming into Britain.They hoped to cut off Britains supplies and deplete their navy.Through this process, the U-boats sunk Allied ships as well as the luxury liner-Lusitania.Because several American passengers were killed in this action, the United States was pushed to the brink of war, finally being drawn into the battle by the discovery of the Zimmerman telegram.The Germans continued to attack Allied ships, and therefore proved the U-boat to be a very deadly weapon for its time.Its success led to the development of depth charges, used in World War II. CommunicationShort Wave RadioDuring World War I, communication was mostly done by telegraph, or by the use of the newly invented short wave radio.The short wave radio uses high frequency broadcasts, from 3 to 30 MHz, to transmit radio waves over long distances.The short wave radio played an important part in communication between headquarters and the fronts, as well as Front to front and trench to trench.

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love Essays love Essay love Essay Biology 5Laboratory ExercisesandExam ReviewsLab 1Scientific Method and Laboratory ProtocolLab Manual Exercise 1Page 1Please read pages 1-14 and Appendix A, and study the attached handout before attending lab.Please complete the following Activities:Activity 1Pp. 2-4Activity 2Pp. 5-6Activity 3Pp. 7-8Review Questionsp. 13-14, Nos. 1-10Be sure to clean any equipment as well as your work area. Return all materials to their proper place. The Metric SystemLength Meter (m) is the standard metric unit Approximately 39 inches (little over a yard)Mass (weight) Gram (g) is the standard metric unit Approximately 1/28 ounceVolume Liter (l) is the standard metric unit Slightly larger than a quartPrefixes applied to standard units commonly used in biology:Kilo (k) 1000 or 103Centi (c) 1/100 or 0.01 or 10-2Milli (m) 1/1000 or 0.001 or 10-3 Micro (u) 1/1,000,000 or 0.000001 or 10-6Nano (n) 1/1,000,000,000 or 0.000000001 or 10-9 Lab 2The MicroscopeLab Manual Exercise 2Page 15Please read pages 16-24 before attending lab.Please complete the following procedures/exercises:Activity 1Pp. 17-19Activity 2P. 19Clean only when necessary. A piece of dry lens paper works fine.Activity 3Pp. 19-21Activity 4P. 21Activity 5Pp. 21-22Activity 6P. 22 (For Part 2, view the oval-shaped specimen on the slide (not the square-shaped specimen).Activity 7Pp. 23-24Review QuestionsP. 25, Nos. 1-7As always, be sure to clean and dry any equipment as well as your work area. Return all materials to their proper place.Lab 3Cell BiologyLab Manual Exercise 3 Page 27Please read pages 28-32 before attending labPlease complete the following procedures/exercises:Examine model of typical animal cell on display.Using illustration on page 28 as

The Economy of Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Economy of Today - Essay Example If the GDP is freed from the chances being affected by inflation, then constant prices need to be maintained. This also helps us to compare the status between two time periods. The resultant GDP reached is called real GDP (nominal GDP adjusted for price changes). GDP can be measured in three ways: by calculating the gross final goods and services produced within the nation at a given period of time; from the income side, by calculating the income generated at every stage and by summing up the value added at each stage of production. Its identity may be written as: The employment rate is the ratio of employed people to the total population. It is actually the percentage of potential employees actually employed. When a nation has a higher employment rate it is likely that it will have a higher standard of living. It is the capacity of a country to engage its people in work and thus generate income for itself. Unemployment is one of the major concerns of the governments of different nations. Another parameter which duly affects the economy and mainly the GDP is inflation rate which may be defined as the rate of growth of price index. This is equivalent to the rate of fall in purchasing power of money. If P1 is the price level in year 1 and P2 is the price level is year 2 (P2>P1), then the rate of increase in price level (inflation rate) from year 1 to year 2 is calculated by the following formulae: Interest rate in an economy essentially denotes the lending rate of banks. It is the opportunity cost of investing in a certain venture. The gain sacrificed by not investing the same amount in another alternative venture or scheme is the opportunity cost. When an individual X (say) lends money to another individual (Y), he is likely to charge an annual interest which is either equal or more than the return gained by investing the amount in some other venture, possibly the bank. If he charges less then he would be a loser. The households supply the factors

Case study review Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case study review - Coursework Example However, one weakness reflected is that of high operating expenses. This is because the revenue is in â€Å"billions† whereby the net profit is only amounting to a few â€Å"millions†, thereby reflecting high expenses. High expenses could lead to operational inefficiency as well as higher prices for customers; therefore, they need to be controlled. On the other hand, the company has the opportunity to grow as it is currently only medium sized. By employing more people and increasing operations it can take advantage of economies of scale and lower prices for customers. Finally, it is likely that the company is facing the threat of high expenses owing to factors beyond its control such as rising labor costs and interest rates. 2. Fitness First Group Ltd Fitness Ltd’s strength lies in its geographic diversification as it is â€Å"international† in nature and has operations in 15 countries. Therefore, it can take advantage of lower costs in other countries as well as reduce legal and regulatory risks by operating in different countries. However, it may potentially possess weakness in the form of mismanagement of multi-cultural international markets. Furthermore, since the company is large in size and scale, HR conflicts and conflict between the strategies for home country versus host country is likely to be inherent. The company faces the opportunity of further expanding its geographic base and expanding into other countries, such as emerging BRIC economies, to take advantage of the rising health issues and increased demand for fitness by consumers in these countries. Furthermore, it can â€Å"go public† rather than remaining a private limited company as doing so will give it access to greater amount of finances and capital to run the business. This is particularly relevant because the company has international operations which may require share capital to sustain them. Finally, the company faces the threat of intense competition owing to its international operations. It is worth noting that the company may have to compete with already established players in countries other than its home country which would entail a potential risk of failing in those countries altogether. Furthermore, customers’ preferences, habits and lifestyle may be different in these countries and this is particularly relevant since the company is offering lifestyle-based service- fitness. 3. Oxford BioMedica plc The company’s strength lies in its association with an already established brand- â€Å"Oxford University† which shall give it enhanced reputation compared to its competitors. However, its weakness is that the company may require greater funds for further research and development as scientific research is typically cost. An amount of ?130mn may, therefore, be insufficient for this purpose. As far as opportunity is concerned, the company may have access to greater funding owing to funds provided by health and scientific organizations that generally have huge budgets for research and development. This funding can be used to develop innovative medicines as is the core mission of the company. However, the threats are also likely to be high owing to the controversy surrounding â€Å"gene-based† medicines. This means that lack of political will and regulatory compliance may delay patent protection which could ultimately put the large

(Business Ethics) An Ethical Analysis of the Use of Performance Assignment

(Business Ethics) An Ethical Analysis of the Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sport - Assignment Example Other than this, the use of performance enhancement drugs also increased in sports mainly to reduce psychological dependency, stress and lack of confidence. As a result, the use of pharmacological drugs, hormones, anabolic steroids came into existence. Due to the presence of varied types of steroid and anabolic steroids, the performance and strength of the professional players increased but it hindered the qualities of fair play. Moreover, introduction of such type of performance enhancing drugs also reduced the features and natural qualities of athletes. Therefore due to the causes the ethical framework of sports changed from impartiality and objectivity to partiality and biasness. This paper mainly tries to highlight the issue, that whether the use of performance enhancing drugs in sports is ethical or not. In order to specify this concept, varied types of ethical theories are used like utilitarianism, Kantian deontology, theory of justice, rights, the challenge of normative ethical relativism. Dissatisfaction with performance and progress- in this age, the rate of use of anabolic drugs and steroids has increased in order to reduce the rate of dissatisfaction over his or her performance and progress. By doing so, the level of performance of the athletes increases resulting in amplification of their activities or actions. Due to which, the popularity and equity of the athlete as well as the nation also enhances to a significant extent as compared to many other nations. Psychological dependency: numerous athletes intake varied types of anabolic drugs or steroids due to psychological dependency. As a result, the inner strength and morale of the athletes reduces that declines the level of performance to a considerable extent. Wanting to attain a renowned position: in order to attain a renowned position just like numerous other experienced athletes, maximum extent of the new comers takes help of anabolic drugs or steroids in very low age

The History Of Baking English Language Essay

The History Of Baking English Language Essay Baking has been around since ancient times. Of course, over the years with new inventions and recipes, baking has under-gone major transformations from baking over brick stones to baking in gas or electric ovens. The first form of baking was thought to have been as early as 2500 B.C. or even earlier. Baking is just one of the many ways of cooking. Baking, as we know it, is defined as cooking by dry heat in an oven or on heated metal or stones (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/baking). Dry heat is usually obtained through an oven. Just as important as it is to find out if baking soda can be substituted, it is important to understand the mixtures of baking soda and baking powder. Lets look at baking soda, first. Baking soda, in its original state, can be found in mineral deposits all over the world. Baking soda has been used in America since colonial times, but it wasnt produced in America until 1839. Some common recipes that call for baking soda are different cookie types, breads, pancakes, and many other recipes. Baking soda has several scientific names. The most common name would be sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Sodium bicarbonate has several atoms. It contains one sodium atom, one hydrogen atom, one carbon atom, and three oxygen atoms. Baking soda is a very important part of a recipe. Often times it is referred to as the leavening agent. A leavening agent is a substance that causes substances to rise by releasing gases that produce the finished project with a porous structure. In other words it would be a fa st-acting yeast. As baking soda is added to the batter (to whatever yummy treat you are making), it releases a gas that allows the batter to immediately start to rise. Baking soda begins to work by letting its gas out as soon as it hits a liquid which could be a batter or some dough. Most recipes that call for baking soda usually have other acidic ingredients in them that enable the baking soda to work and taste properly. Baking soda helps with the alkaline taste in your food. It keeps it from having a soapy taste. Now that we know a bit about baking soda, we can now look into its familiar relative baking powder. Baking powder is just as useful as baking soda, but it has a few different powers. Baking powder was first discovered and manufactured in 1843 by a man named Alfred Bird. Along with baking soda, baking powder is found in similar recipes and also in my favorite scones. Baking powder is composed of several ingredients including cornstarch, cream of tartar, and even baking soda. Like baking soda, baking powder is also a leavening agent. Baking powder is different than baking soda in that it is double-acting. Double-acting simply means it rises or acts as a leavening agent at two different times. The first time it starts to work, like the baking soda, is right when it is added to the batter. The second time would be when it is baking. As it is baking, it continues to let out its gases due to the ovens heat. Since it is, in a way, rising twice, it gives your final outcome a fluffier and lighter texture. Baking powder is usually added to recipes that dont have acids as it already contains acids due to the baking soda and cream of tartar. Now that we have learned a little bit about baking soda and baking powder, it will be easier to understand their relationship and how baking soda might or might not be able to be substituted. Since we know that baking soda is usually used where there are acidic substances in the batter, and baking powder is used where there arent any acidic substances, we know that in being able to substitute baking soda we would have to add an acid. In adding an acid, we are, in a way, giving the soda more power, where it can cause the finished baked treat to become lighter and fluffier. This acidic lack is solved by an acid called potassium hydrogen tartrate which is more commonly known as cream of tartar. Cream of tartar was the original leavening agent used by bakers before we had baking powder and baking soda. Remembering that baking powder is double-acting, we now need to see what makes it rise at the two separate times. As I mentioned earlier, the first release of gas (or rise) would be due to the baking soda, but what would cause the second release? That would be where the cream of tartar comes into play. The cream of tartar reacts when it is released into heat, so when your batter or dough goes into the oven and receives the oven heat, the second release of gas begins. Baking soda reacts when it enters a liquid and cream of tartar reacts when it enters heat. So now that we know what causes baking powder to be double acting, it would make sense to add that one special ingredient that makes it double-acting to the baking soda. This special ingredient would be the heat reactant cream of tartar. By adding the cream of tartar to the baking soda, it gives it the added acid to rise in heat when placed in the oven. If you were to try to use only baking soda without any extra ingredient in place of baking powder, you would find that it would leave a bitter taste. When you need to substitute baking soda and cream of tartar for baking powder, it is important not to have too much baking soda with your cream of tartar or vice versa. In closing, we find that baking soda alone cannot be substituted for baking powder, but with a simple ingredient known as cream of tartar, you can have some baking powder. So next time youre baking and you find yourself with missing ingredients or without baking powder, dont break a sweat!! Remember, not only can you substitute applesauce for oil, honey for sugar, but now you know that you can substitute baking soda with a little bit of cream of tartar for the missing baking powder. So finish up with your baking and enjoy your yummy and delicious snack!!

A Philosophic Challenge Essay -- Theory of Evolution, Darwin, DNA

Did you know the odds of proteins necessary to create a strand of DNA lining up in order naturally are only once in 4x10022 years? (Werner 104). That’s highly improbable! Darwin didn’t anticipate that future discoveries would disprove the fundamental tenants of his theory of evolution. Modern science is repeatedly uncovering evidence that Darwinian evolution cannot be the explanation for life on earth because it relies on an implausible claim of spontaneous generation, leaves gaps in the fossil record, and is contradicted by emerging scientific discoveries. Spontaneous generation refers to the theory that the first life form evolved rapidly out of nothing, and all organisms evolved gradually from the original life form. Mounting evidence makes the argument for spontaneous generation untenable. No biological phyla (a level of organism classification) have yet been discovered to support Darwin’s theory. Even more condemning is that Darwin understood taxonomy (the classification of living organisms), but he refused to acknowledge or account for the gaps in his theory (Wilker 24). For example, spontaneous generation, a necessary assumption in Darwin’s theory, cannot explain how proteins are formed. Evolutionists suggest that either proteins or DNA were involved in the first living organism. However, proteins cannot be formed naturally, yet are required for DNA (Werner 105). This raises the â€Å"chicken and egg question,† which came first? Evolutionists cannot explain this, providing no justification for how proteins an d DNA could have been involved in spontaneous generation. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, would have had to form naturally to allow for the possibility of spontaneous generation. Yet, an experiment conducte... ...naturalists for using the existence of vestigial organs as an argument for evolution, stating â€Å"vestigial organs provide no evidence for evolutionary theory.† (qtd. in Wells, â€Å"Why Darwinism†) More and more scientific evidence is overturning the biologically based arguments used to support Darwin’s theory. Darwin’s theory falls short of fulfilling explanations for the beginning of life. Darwin’s suggestion that life is spontaneously generated is a leap of faith not supported by science. The fossil record is full of gaps that Darwin’s theory cannot explain, and new discoveries in biology undermine the basis the of evolutionary theory. While Darwin’s theory may have initially seemed plausible when it was first published, modern science has provided evidence that the foundations and hypotheses on which Darwin’s theory of evolution are based cannot possibly be true.

Police Personality Revision Essay

A good police work lies on the concept of their personalities taking into consideration their traits hand in hand with their socializations and experiences. These decisive factors basically comprise what ideal personality of a police is necessary in order to completely exemplify their tasks. Perhaps, it is imperative to give emphasis on the notions of police character to give a strong hold on this subject matter. At any rate, there were instances that conflict arises as police render their services. â€Å"Part of this reflected broader social conflict over the just and equal distribution of opportunities and legal protections to all people; other sources of conflict included disparities between the symbolic role of the police, everyday social expectations about police services and behavior† (Vila & Morris, 1999). There is indeed a unique trait that flows in the blood of every police such as dedication, bravery, and conviction. The uniqueness of police’s trait can never be gamble away. Police’s compassion to the welfare of their people is on top priority. They are willing to surrender even their own lives in order to defend the people. It is tough but they chose to risk everything for the sake of their profession. Thus, this is the one that fulfills their personality; to serve the people at all costs. On the other note, socializations and experiences are important tools to be able to epitomize their character properly. Apparently, the police needs to know how to communicate with the people as well as to know how to address their demands in order to properly portray their roles. Socialization and experience are indispensable contrivance that makes the attitude of a police. They will be able to serve pertinently due to the fact that they have enough experiences. â€Å"What is important about socialization, then, is that people learn to behave according to the expectations of their culture and transmit that way of life from one generation to the next† (Kenney & McNamara, 1999). Weighing these two elements that encompass the personality of a police, it is on a certain note that their unique traits make them more trustworthy on their chosen field. It is in these traits also that they detached their profession far beyond all other field. â€Å"The profession is a moral unit positing certain values and ideals which guide its members in their dealings with laymen. This guide may be a set of unwritten norms transmitted through the professional educational system or it may be codified into written canons of professional ethics† (Glenn et al., 2003).   Certainly, as they socialized and experienced a lot of circumstances, it all boils down on having a good persona – unique trait – which make them build rapport with a lot of people in town and which also gives them the pride for the people to respect them and their line of work. Reference:    Glenn, Panitch, Barnes Proby, Williams, Christian, Lewis, Gerwehr & Brannan (2003). Training the 21st Century Police Officer: Redefining Police Professionalism for the Los Angeles Police Department. Rand    Kenney, dennis Hay & McNamara, Robert P. (1999). Police and Policing: Contemporary Issues. Praeger Vila, Bryan & Morris, Cynthia (1999). The Role of Police in American History. Greenwood Press

Milton Paradise Lost Commentary

The Renaissance era represents a complete break with the Middle Ages on a political, philosophical, scientifical and theological scale. Indeed, the discovery of new territories and the expeditions of explorers such as Francis Drake, the resurgence of classic writtings, the new scientific outbreaks of Copernicus, Newton and Galilei as well as the Protestant reformation led by Luther and his 95 Theses, triggered a will for knowledge and a quest for truth, thus putting an end to the intellectual hegemony of the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe. Intellectuals of this era began to think on mankind, looking for answers outside of the Religious constraints. Written during this context of political and religious upheaval, Paradise Lost, an epic poem published in 1667 in ten books, reflects in a way the great changes of the Renaissance. This poem, written by John Milton (December 1608 – November 1674), an English poet, polemicist and civil servant, tell the Christian story of the creation of the Earth, the fall of Satan and the Fall of Man. As a puritan, Milton, who had already attacked the Church for its corruption in Lycidas (1637), give this classical Christian tale puritan traits (such as the protrayal of Eve as a dedicated worker). The passage under study is taken from Book 9 of Paradise lost. In this book, the narrator focuses on the disobedience of Adam and Eve. Satan returns to the Garden of Eden eight days after his banishment by Gabriel to avenge himself. Adam and Eve , preparing for their labors, decide to work separatly , even if Adam is anxious that eve would be an easy prey to Satan’s temptation . In this passage we can see the approach of the Satan , (the snake) and the begining of his temptation that will lead Eve to eat the prohibited fruit. We can clearly see that Milton here uses a mix of Classical and Judeo-christian mythology to tell this tale. We can thus wonder In which way he uses these influences, and why he uses them ? In a first part we will see that the Serpent is a symbol of temptation, and in a second part we wll analyse Milton’s uses of Classical mythology. First, Milton depicts the snake which Satan is possessing, as an incredibly beautiful animal. The main strategy of Satan to try to corrupt the naive mind of Eve is to appear as a magnificent snake. According to the narrator, his physical appearance is so pleasing that never a snake will be as beautiful (on verse 504 â€Å"pleasing was his shape, and lovely, never since a serpent lovelier†). To describe the snake, the narrator use the lexical field of precious material: â€Å"carbuncle his eyes† on verse 500, â€Å"neck of verdent gold† on verse 501. Here Satan seems to have chosen a snake whose appearance can attract Eve only because his similitude with precious material. In a kind of materialist temptation, he tries to appeal to Eve inner sin of cupidity to seduce her. But there is something paradoxical in the way the snake is depicted as a beautiful creature. Indeed, the snake is often assimilated with death, the venom of some species of snakes such as the cobra can kill a man in less than one hour. It also an animal that generate instinctive fear in most human (and occurence of Ophidiophobia can be found everywhere). Here death and beauty become assimilated in one animal. It can thus be perceived as personification of the treachery of satan: behind the beaty of his rethoric, of his discourse hides a terrible fates, the banishment of Man from Heaven. This can also underline the interest of humans for macabre, dark topics. We can see since the dawn of age exemples of this morbid attraction of the Human race: public executions had always (and still do) gathered a lot of people around the death of a single man as well as we can see every day the impact (and also its capacity of generating profits) of a news involving the mysterious death of a movie star, of the murder of a whole family by its patriarch. As we know, Satan has chosen this animal, maybe he relies on this fascination to attract eve attention. We can also notice that the serpent can be interpreted as a phallic symbol. On verse 498 to 502 the snake is described as a â€Å"circular base that towered folds above folds a surprising maze [†¦ ] with burnished neck [†¦ ] erect amidst his circling spires†. Thus the snake appears as a symbol of virility, a phallic form erecting from the ground and can be understood as another strategy of Satan to cajole Eve into trusting him. On the other hand this links made by Milton between sensuality and religion can be seen as a hint of the influence of the metaphysical poetry on his writting: this link beeing one of the interest of the metaphysical poets who were contemporary with Milton. Then the snake can be analysed as a symbol of corruption and of perfidy. Satan uses a disguise, a snake to talk to eve. He uses his beauty, his eloquence to seduce her. His wave movements, looking like a dance, and his attitude (â€Å"Fawning, and licking the ground whereon she strod† on verse 526) can be interpreted as a nuptial parade with the snake laying on the primal instinct (which are restricted by religion) of Man to attract Eve in his trap. It is also interesting to note that the occurence of the word Satan is, as Satan himself, disguised in this passage. Here Satan is refered to as â€Å"the snake† or â€Å"the enemy of mankind† on verse 494. The word Satan can only be seen if the reader looks closely at the poem: an acrostic is hidden from verse 510 to 515. This clever technic reflects the vicious strategy of the Devil in the passage. Satan’s main strategy to talk Eve into beliving that she has the right to eat the apple is flattery. The Devil choose to tempt Eve because he was afraid of Adam’s intelligence which could have be an obstacle to his scheme. Thus he constantly celebrate eve beauty and superiority of others God’s creature to put her in a position where she can feel free to act as she wants. From verse 532 to the end of the passage the snake states that eve is â€Å"sole wonder†, that she is a â€Å"universally admired† â€Å"celestial beauty† that should be â€Å" a goddes among gods, adored and served by angels numberless†. The snake thus seems to contradict Gods Hierarchy of creation, The Great Chain of Being. According to him, Eve is higher than all the other creations of god, and should be sitting just next to god, just as the Holy Spirit and Jesus. In this passage the snake is the voices that question god authority and urges Eve to more freedom which appears, in the eyes of God as an Heresy. Hence a parallel can be drawn betwen the questioning of God’s Hierarchy by the snakes and the questioning of God’s Hierarchy by the new theories about cosmos expressed by scientists such as Copernic who were at the time seen as Heretics, devilish prophets and treated as such. Now that we have seen in which way the snakes represents a symbol of temptation embodying as well as the Biblical symbol of sin, the Renaissance questioning of God’s Hierarchy, we are going to see and analyse Milton’s use of Classic Mythology in this passage. First Milton’s use of Classic reference in his text can be interpreted as a perversions of those myths. In this passage he uses three myth to illustrate the action. He first refers to the tale of Hermione and Cadmus taken from Metamorphoses written by Ovid in AD 8. According to this classic of Latin literature they were both transformed into snakes in an act of vengence from the Gods. Then he refers to transformation of â€Å"Amonian Jove† and â€Å"Capitoline† into snakes to seduce and â€Å"mate† with Olympias and the mother of Scipio to give birth of two of the most famous and glorious war chief of both hellenistic and Roman era: Alexander the Great and Scipio Africanus. We can notice that Milton cleverly used myth in which the snakes as a role close to the one it has in the Bible. Concerning Ovid, the snakes is an object of temptation for which Hermione yields and is thus punished by being transformed in a snake. Concerning the myth of the birth of Alexender and Scipio, the snakes, just as in the Bible, is in fact a deity in disguise, seducing a woman. But if we look closely, these myth appeared to be perverted. In the classical myth, the deity or characters who are transformed into a snake are great and nobles characters: Cadmus is the founder of Thebes, and Amonian Jove and Capitoline are Jupiter. In paradise lost, the snake is Satan, the personification of rebellion against God’s will and of all the Human Sins. In this antithetic linking of diverse mythology, Milton wants to contrast Satan perfidy with classical characters nobility while underlining common themes. He thus appeals to a particular knowledge of his readers. On the other hand , the author’s use of classical mythology in this text can be seen as another influence of the metaphysical poetry on the Milton. Mixing diverse sources of knowledge to build his imagery is a technic used by metaphysiacal poets such as John Donne. But when others metaphysical poets mixed scientific, geographical, astronomical discoveries with theology and philospy, Milton just mixed Judeo-christian religious myths with classical myths. Even if this influence is small, it is sufficient to guess that Milton, contemporaneous with Donne, Herbert, Henry or Crashaw, has drawn some inspiration from the work of these poets. Moreover, Milton use of Classical mythology is representative of the Renaissance. Indeed, it clearly illustrates the resurgence of classical works during this era. Every arts had been affected by this tendency, in paintings, the classical style was a new fashion, the subjects taken from greek mythology began to be more and more numerous, Michaelangelo being a good exemple in both the sculpture and painting field. This resurgence has also an impact on architecture (with the building of houses, mansions, official buildign following the principle of the straight line) , on philosophy ( the â€Å"raison† and the re-reading of the platonician and socratic philosophy) as well as on literature. Thus Milton appears as an exemple of this new interest ofr the classical literrature, and htis work, Paradise lost, embodies this feature of the Renaissance. Finally, as we have seen, Milton uses his main influence, the Bible, to depicts the snake as a symbol of temptation and perfidy and uses his other influence, the classical mythology, in a perversion of the myths to develop his imagery. Furthermore, analysing this text, we can see that Milton was also influenced by the Metaphysical Poets in his uses of mixed sources as well as the use of the theme of the link between sensuality and religion. This book, which is now one of the most famous piece of english poetry, had a great influence on following artists such as Blake who considered Milton as the major English Poet and Edmond Burke and the Romantic theory, asserting â€Å"No person seems better to have understood the secret of heightening, or of setting terrible things, if I may use the expression, in their strongest light, by the force of a judicious obscurity than Milton. † , valuating his exploration of blank verse. Milton also had a great impact on the English language by creating neologism that are still used today such as pand?monium, enslaved, satanic and self-esteem.

Affermative Action essays

Affermative Action essays Affirmative Action? A major controversy encompassing the country is the issue of affirmative action. Many believe that the abolition, or at least restructure, of affirmative action in the United States will benefit the nation for many logical reasons. Originally, affirmative action began as an attempt to eliminate discrimination and provide a source of opportunity; affirmative action did not begin as an attempt to support just minorities and women. In addition, affirmative action naturally creates resentment when the less qualified are preferred instead of the people actually deserve the admission or job. Another reason that has existed since the abolition of slavery is the myth that women and 'minorities? cannot compete against white males without receiving special preference or treatment. Money used for the support and continuance of affirmative action cost in excess of 125 million dollars annually. Important programs in the country may benefit from the money received by affirmativ e action bureaucrats. Most importantly, the fundamentals of democracy rest on the equality of all people, whereas affirmative action is actually trying to give minorities and women higher status of importance than Caucasians. If the policies of affirmative action end, then the nation can return to its original equal opportunity policies. The original founders of the Civil Rights Act intended for all people, including majorities and minorities, to receive equal opportunities for education and job positions. Presently, in today's economic system, companies and businesses offering job positions have to meet quotas and statistics proving that they are not discriminating against one race or gender for another. For example, a software company is hiring a new graphics designer to assist in drawing and the creation of graphics. This type of job requires experience and expertise to succeed. There are three applicants for the job offering. One applicant is a white ma...

The Limits of Cultural Globalization in the World Essay

The Limits of Cultural Globalization in the World - Essay Example In recent times, the desire for companies to attain globalization has been on the rise. Going international makes many companies discover new markets. In the technology industry, this trend has been extensively used as there are remarkably few companies within this industry who do not have an international market share (Wolf, 2004). The demand for technological advancement can be identified as the global feature driving these companies towards globalization. For a long time, the establishment of global business has been a subject of discussion. Many companies were opposed to the idea but have slowly started integrating globalization. Though quantifiable results of globalization have not been seen, the idea remains an attractive one for most corporations in the 21st century. The companies aim at achieving global recognition while creating a wider market for their products. Blackberry is an American phone manufacturing company whose products are available globally. The Blackberry brand was invented in 1999 the Research In Motion Company. Through this brand, the company has been able to reach out to millions of clients around the world. ... ntinent through the marketing done by these continental offices (Danielle, 2010) Theoretical framework Globalization has been seen, in recent years, as a way through which companies become international. The aim of globalization, among many companies, can be identified as gaining recognition as well as a market space in the international community. Before pursuing the globalization venture companies try to analyze the numerous activities that might be involved. This normally included reviewing how other global companies within the same industry are undertaking the same strategy. A comparison of the benefits and the costs to be incurred comes at the core of such venture (Wolf, 2004). There are numerous attractions for companies to globalize their activities. Foreign sales can be identified as one of the considerations which companies apply before globalization. The economies of different nations keep on fluctuating due to inadequate policies or political activities. Through globalizat ion, the effects of these fluctuations become minimized. Companies, which are global, may recover losses incurred in one country from good sales attained in another country (Smith, 2007). This makes many companies, which have the capability, to desire to venture into the global market. The global market offers security during times of economic recession. When one economy may be experiencing recession another one might be on the rise. Companies with the presence in both economies can be able to maintain a balance through ensuring that losses incurred on one side are recovered in another. It creates a stabilizing effect on the sales volumes achieved by the company. A company may also realize an increase in its global market as a result of globalization. Globalization may be applied as not

Sexual Harassment of Women in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sexual Harassment of Women in India - Essay Example India is predominantly a society where men are far more empowered than women. In spite of the fact that India is a rapidly developing country, yet most of the development is limited to few big cities. There are many regions within India where the cultural norms and lifestyle of people is very different from what is covered by the media or is known to people. India is largely a conservative society in which men are assigned the role of earning bread for the family and women are expected to take care of the family and look after domestic works. However, as the literacy rate of the Indian people has soared up over the decades, the tendency to let women work shoulder to shoulder with men has grown. Nevertheless, â€Å"these young people do not reject traditions governing relations between the sexes†. Accordingly, men see women as objects of sex even when they are their colleagues.